Car insurance is necessary for every person who owns and drives a vehicle. In just about every jurisdiction, the law requires that you own auto insurance. It protects both you and other drivers from loss that may arise due to the negligence or actions of others.
Some people believe that price is the most important factor when considering car insurance. Although the price of the policy is an important factor, it is not necessarily the most important factor. What you pay as a rate is based on the risk assessment that the insurance company performs during underwriting. The assessment involves a process of evaluating you as a driver and making a determination of the probability that you will cause a loss.
Insurance is a contract of indemnity. What this means is its purpose is to indemnify, or restore you to your original value at the time of loss. The principle of indemnity means that the policy covers the insurable interest you have as policy owner, namely the vehicle you drive. Without this insurable interest, there would be nothing to insure. For example, a person that is involved in an automobile accident who is in no way related to you does not create a situation where you are exposed to loss. Therefore, no insurable interest exists and there is no need for insurance.
Based on the concept of indemnity and risk assessment, the insurance company wants to know some things about you. How old are you? What is your driving record? What are your driving habits? How far and how often do you travel by car? All of these factors, as well as others are important for the insurer to consider as they consider your premium rate. They are also the most common rating factors used to calculate your premium.
Insurance companies employ actuaries whose job it is to mathematically determine the probability of loss. Another concept regarding insurance is that it is an aleatory contract. This word is derived from a Latin word ‘aleator’ which literally means ‘dice thrower’ or ‘chance.’ This means that your premium is a hedge against a probability or the chance that a loss may occur. It also means that if that loss occurs, as long as you have met all of the conditions of the contract, the insurance company must pay the claim.
The more times that you are exposed to loss, the higher the chance that loss will occur. It is like determining the likelihood of drawing a queen out of a standard deck of 52 cards, which is a 1 in 13 or 8% chance. If you were going to draw a queen out of a deck of two cards, that probability jumps to 50% or 1 in 2. The greater the probability of something happening, the less ideal it becomes as an insurable risk. The more you drive, the longer you drive, coupled with having a lot of speeding tickets indicates that you are a larger risk to the insurance company – a 1 in 2 as oppose to a 1 in 13 – and will be charged more premium. There are other factors that go into premium calculation, but understanding loss exposure gives you an ideal as to why an insurance company charges what it does.